Complete list of 10 evidence-based practice methods in addiction treatment

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) treatment, according to Spring, B. (2007), is based on scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. It integrates the best research findings with clinical experience while considering the patient’s needs. EBP focuses on developing skills to change thoughts and behaviors and regulate stress.

The most effective addiction treatment is often Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which teaches individuals to recognize and change negative patterns. Other therapeutic approaches include counseling, group therapy, and medication-assisted treatment.

The effectiveness of addiction treatment depends on individual factors and the ability to apply learned techniques in daily situations. Treatments that enhance personal and social skills often show positive and lasting effects.

There are ten evidence-based practices in addiction treatment that offer a broad spectrum of approaches, depending on the unique needs of the patient.

1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thoughts and behavior patterns. CBT assumes that dysfunctional thinking leads to negative emotions and behaviors. The therapy helps individuals recognize, challenge, and replace these thoughts with more adaptive ones, ultimately leading to more positive feelings and behaviors.

According to research by Tolin, D. (2010), published in Clinical Psychology Review, CBT is more effective than psychodynamic therapy and interpersonal or supportive therapies for patients with anxiety or depressive disorders. This makes CBT the preferred choice for first-line psychosocial treatment.

In addiction treatment, CBT helps individuals identify and change the underlying thoughts that lead to substance abuse. It teaches coping skills to manage triggers and provides strategies to prevent relapse.

CBT focuses on addressing the core beliefs and automatic negative thoughts that often underlie addictive behaviors. By learning new ways of thinking and behaving, individuals can better cope with stress and negative emotions without resorting to addictive substances.

2. Counseling: individual and group

Counseling is a professional guidance approach that helps individuals and groups address personal, social, and psychological challenges. It focuses on developing skills, improving mental well-being, and supporting healthier life choices.

Yusop et al. (2020) show that group counseling has positive effects on the social, physiological, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of group members. This leads to improved mental health, reduced anxiety, and increased knowledge, contributing to the treatment of addiction disorders and promoting lasting sobriety.

Depending on the severity of the addiction, counseling can take place individually or in a group setting, with sessions typically lasting an hour and continuing over an extended period. It provides support and guidance in developing tools for a life free from addiction.

3. Dialectical behavior therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on developing skills to regulate emotions, manage stress, and improve interpersonal relationships.

DBT combines individual therapy with psychoeducational group training, covering four core modules: mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. The ultimate goal is to build a healthier life and reduce maladaptive behaviors.

Cavicchioli et al. (2020), in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, demonstrate that Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) effectively treats addictive behaviors in individuals with alcohol use disorder. The training enhances emotion regulation and reduces experiential avoidance, contributing to addiction recovery.

DBT has been found effective for a wide range of disorders, including addiction, and helps individuals build an independent life free from substance abuse.

4. Experiential therapy

Experiential Therapy is a treatment approach that focuses on using hands-on activities to help individuals process emotions and feelings that may have been suppressed. It emphasizes developing stronger self-awareness by actively engaging clients in art, music, role-playing, animal care, adventure activities, and other non-traditional therapeutic techniques.

This therapy aims to help individuals confront and process deeply rooted, uncomfortable emotions, preventing the use of substances as an escape mechanism.

Harrawood, McClure, and Nelson (2011) highlight in their study, published in the Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, that experiences such as journaling, dance, and music can help individuals understand cravings and their impact on addiction relapse.

Creating a safe environment allows individuals struggling with addiction to explore and process intense and traumatic experiences. It enables them to examine their responses and learn to manage triggers for substance abuse.

Eye Movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapeutic treatment method primarily developed for the treatment of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The process involves recalling traumatic memories while the client receives bilateral sensory stimulation, such as eye movements or audio. The goal is to reduce the emotional intensity of negative memories and facilitate their processing.

In addiction treatment, EMDR helps address underlying traumatic experiences that contribute to addiction issues. According to research by Pilz et al. (2017), EMDR shows high therapeutic potential in treating substance addiction. It reduces cravings, anxiety, and depression while improving emotion regulation and self-esteem.

EMDR focuses on reducing the emotional impact of memories that may trigger addictive behavior and helps individuals develop better emotion regulation and self-esteem.

6. Family therapy

Family Therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on treating addiction within the context of the family. It operates on the premise that family relationships play a crucial role in the development and persistence of addictive behavior.

According to Crowley, P. (1988) in Family Therapy Approach to Addiction, published in the Bulletin on Narcotics, family therapy is effective in addressing addiction by tackling dysfunctional relationships and promoting healthy family interactions. It involves all family members in the process, improves communication, and supports behavioral changes. It also provides support to family members dealing with the consequences of addiction.

Depending on the needs of the individuals involved, therapy can take different forms, but the primary goal is always to improve family dynamics to support the recovery of the person struggling with addiction.

7. Motivational interviewing

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive method aimed at increasing intrinsic motivation and reducing ambivalence toward change. MI uses empathetic conversation techniques to encourage self-motivation and reduce resistance to change.

Although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for other mental health issues, Motivational Interviewing, according to Burke, B. (2011), has been proven effective in treating addictions and enhancing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

MI helps individuals discover and strengthen their own reasons for change. It focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence while supporting clients in taking steps toward recovery.

MI increases the willingness to quit or reduce substance use by linking personal values and goals to the benefits of change. It is effective across a wide range of addictions and can be tailored to different patient populations.

8. Psychodynamic therapy (supportive-expressive therapy)

Psychodynamic Therapy (Supportive-Expressive Therapy) is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on uncovering and analyzing unconscious processes that influence behavior and emotions. This therapy helps individuals explore deep-seated feelings and conflicts that manifest in behaviors such as projection and denial.

According to Baurer (2021), psychodynamic therapy can heal deep psychological wounds in addiction disorders by separating the addicted person from their illness and fostering their unique humanity. It provides a safe and supportive environment where individuals can understand and manage their impulse to turn to substances.

This approach combines various methods to facilitate change and aids in recovery by addressing underlying causes.

9. Twelve-step facilitation

Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF) is a therapeutic approach that promotes active participation in a 12-step program such as Alcoholics Anonymous. The goal is to systematically help individuals with substance use disorders develop the skills and motivation to remain abstinent.

TSF facilitates recovery through counseling aimed at encouraging engagement with 12-step organizations. It provides social support and is often complementary to other treatments. The benefits include higher abstinence rates and a continuous, sustainable recovery from addiction.

Kelly et al. (2016) found that integrated Twelve-Step Facilitation (iTSF) for adolescents with substance use disorders was well-accepted and feasible. It potentially increased participation in 12-step programs and abstinence rates.

10. Medication-Assisted Treatment

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is an approach for substance use disorders that combines medication with counseling and behavioral therapies. MAT focuses on reducing the need for addictive substances, particularly opioids, by using medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone alongside psychosocial support.

MAT aids in addiction treatment by reducing cravings and preventing withdrawal symptoms. Buprenorphine and methadone maintain stable levels of substances in the body that mimic opioid effects without producing a “high.” Naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids.

This approach provides maximum support by addressing individual needs and selecting the best treatment options. The recommended duration of MAT is chronic, requiring continued treatment.

Littrell, J. (2016) argues that expanding access to MAT is a sensible government response to the current heroin epidemic. The research addresses objections from social workers and considers the pros and cons for both individuals with addiction and society.

What is the effectiveness of substance use treatment?

The effectiveness of treatments for substance use disorders depends on the type, duration, and intensity of the intervention. Treatments vary in their effectiveness in reducing drug use, improving mental health and social functioning, and increasing motivation.

McLellan et al. (1982) found that substance use treatments significantly help patients improve alcohol and drug use patterns, employment status, criminal behavior, and psychological functioning. Long-term therapy leads to better outcomes compared to short-term therapy.

Withdrawal symptoms from rehabilitation vary, and treatments for drug and alcohol addiction differ. Drug treatment may include medications to ease withdrawal, while alcohol treatment often requires detoxification. Aftercare and ongoing support are crucial for long-term change

What rehab phases must be completed before a treatment method can be effective?

A treatment method is only as effective as the mindset of the patient undergoing it. It is therefore important to go through the necessary addiction withdrawal phases to be ready for treatment.

To address the underlying issues, an individual must first acknowledge that there is a problem. Detoxification then follows to remove the addictive substance from the body. Afterward, treatment and aftercare ensure sustained recovery.

Is detoxification always an important part of the treatment plan?

Yes, support during detoxification is always an essential part of the treatment plan in a clinic. Safely detoxing the body is the first step toward recovery, and it requires proper support to minimize withdrawal symptoms and discomfort.

What are the withdrawal symptoms after quitting?

Withdrawal symptoms from quitting vary in severity and depend on an individual’s history and the type of substance they are withdrawing from. Typical symptoms include increased heart rate, muscle tension, and general discomfort.

The onset of symptoms differs for each individual and can occur anywhere from a few hours to days after stopping drug or alcohol intake. In severe cases, hallucinations, delirium, and seizures may occur.

Rehabilitation clinics often provide medical detox treatments to manage these symptoms and prevent them from becoming dangerous.

Is a rehab program any different for drugs?

Drug treatment programs vary based on the individual and the substance used. They offer different types and levels of care, depending on the severity of the addiction and its underlying causes. Patients receive personalized treatments that help maintain sobriety.

There are two primary categories: outpatient and inpatient. Outpatient rehabilitation allows patients to live at home while attending therapy sessions. Inpatient rehabilitation, or residential treatment, requires staying in a controlled environment, often a rehab center, to receive intensive care.

Is a rehab program different for alcohol?

Alcohol treatment programs differ from other addiction programs. They address the unique aspects of alcohol abuse. Key differences include a focus on the specific needs of individuals struggling with alcohol addiction.

Alcohol rehabilitation often includes specialized support groups and systems such as Alcoholics Anonymous. These programs help individuals maintain sobriety while managing daily challenges.

Do non-evidence-based treatment methods, such as holistic therapy, work?

Although the effectiveness of non-evidence-based treatment methods is not directly proven, many alternative therapies may contribute to recovery.

These are treatment methods like holistic therapy that can be supportive of addiction treatment because they can bring the patient’s body and mind back into balance. So although there are no demonstrable results from them, a holistic approach is still important for recovery.